유발효과(inductive effect)

What are Inductive Effects ?

• An inductive effect is an electronic effect due to the polarisation of σ bonds within a molecule or ion.
• This is typically due to an electronegatvity difference between the atoms at either end of the bond.
• The more electronegative atom pulls the electrons in the bond towards itself creating some bond polarity for example the O-H and C-Cl bonds in the following examples:
  

• In a simple alkyl carbocation, the positive C attracts the electrons in the σ bonds connected to that center towards itself and therefore away from the atom at the other end of the σ bond.
• Electrons in C-C bonds are more readily polarised than those in a C-H bond.