Nitrile butadiene rubber (
NBR) is a family of unsaturated copolymers of 2-propenenitrile and various butadiene monomers (1,2-butadiene and 1,3-butadiene). Although its physical and chemical properties vary depending on the polymer’s composition of nitrile, this form of synthetic rubber is generally resistant to oil, fuel, and other chemicals (the more nitrile within the polymer, the higher the resistance to oils but the lower the flexibility of the material).
It is used in the automotive and aeronautical industry to make fuel and oil handling hoses, seals, and grommets. It is used in the nuclear industry to make protective gloves. NBR’s ability to withstand a range of temperatures from -40 °C to +108 °C makes it an ideal material for aeronautical applications. Nitrile butadiene is also used to create moulded goods, footwear, adhesives, sealants, sponges, expanded foams, and floor mats.
Its resilience makes NBR a useful material for disposable lab, cleaning, and examination gloves. Nitrile rubber is more resistant than
natural rubber to
oils and
acids, but has inferior strength and flexibility. Nitrile gloves are nonetheless three times more
puncture-resistant than natural rubber gloves.
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Nitrile rubber is generally resistant to
aliphatic hydrocarbons. Nitrile, like natural rubber, can be
attacked by
ozone,
aromatic hydrocarbons,
ketones,
esters and
aldehydes.