quilibrium
Chemical equilibrium is a state in which there is no net change in the concentration of reactants and products because the forward and reverse reactions are occurring at the same rate and the Gibbs free energy value is at its minimum.The Gibbs free energy change of a reaction tells us what the concentration of reactants and products will be at equilibrium. For a general reaction of a moles of A, b moles of B and c moles of C combining to form n moles of N, m moles of M, and o moles of O...

If the reaction is not at equilibrium, it will proceed in the forward or reverse direction to the minimum value of the Gibbs free energy. At that point, there is no further change in the Gibbs free energy (
G = 0) and the reaction is at equilibrium.




이 과정은 일반적으로 열저장소(열욕조)로 둘러싸인(혹은 열적으로 연결된) 계에서 일어나게 되며, 계의 열역학적 과정이 열저장소와 열교환을 통해 열저장소와 온도 평형을 이루기에 충분하도록 천천히 일어나게 된다. 등온 과정 이외에도 계의 주변과 열교환이 일어나지 않는 특별한 경우를 단열 과정이라 한다.(
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