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a) Hydration

Alkenes undergo hydration (addition of water across C=C bond) in the presence of dilute H₂SO₄ to produce alcohols. The alkyl hydrogen sulphate is formed which on hydrolysis with hot water gives alcohol.

The addition of water to the double bond is in accordance with Markownikov's rule. The alkene is obtained by cracking of hydrocarbons. The alkene is then absorbed by passing it into sulphuric acid at 353 K and 30 atmosphere pressure. The acid is diluted and treated with stream to release the alcohol.

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(+)H-|_OH (-)